AM/IS/ARE

TO BE [IS / AM / ARE]

My name is Lisa.
I'm 22.
I'm American. I'm from Chicago.
My father is a doctor and my mother is a journalist.
I'm not married.
My favorite colour is blue.
My favorite sports are football and swimming.
I'm interested in art. 

POSITIVE 
I=> am => I'm
She, he, it, => is => She's, he's, it's, 
We, you, they=> are= > we're, you're,they're.

NEGATIVE
I am not [I'm not]
He,she,it [is not] => he's not,she's not, it's not
we,you,they [are not]=> we're not, you're not, they're not

or
he isn't
she isn't
it isn't

we aren't 
you aren't
they aren't

=> I'm cold. Can you close the window, please?
=> I'm 32 years old. My sister is 29.
=> My brother is very tall. He's a policeman.
=> John is afraid of dogs.
=> It's ten o'clock. You're late again.
=> Ann and I are good friends.
=> Your keys are on the table.

=> I'm tired but I'm not hungry.
=> Tom isn't interested in politics. He's interested in music.
=> Jane isn't at home at the moment. She's at work.
=> Those people aren't English. They're Australian.
=>It's sunny today but it isn't warm.

That's = that is
there's = there is 
here's = here is

=> Thank you. That's very kind of you.
=> Look! There's Chris.
=> "Here's your key." "Thank you."

EXERCISES
1.1 Write short form [she's/ we aren't etc.].
1. She is ____she's_______
2. They are _____________
3. It is not _____________
4. That is ______________
5. I am not _____________
6. You are not ____________

to be continued
Reference:
Essential Grammar In Use [Second Edition]

SUMMARY GERUND [MEMAHAMI GERUND DENGAN MUDAH DAN GAMPANG]

KINDS OF GERUND
1. As a subject.
    Example: Reading makes me clever.
2. As a complement.
    Example: His hobby is fishing.
3. As and object of preposition.
    Example: She accused of lying her friends.
4. As an object of verb.
    Example: He has admitted taking my bag.
5. As a noun modifier.
    Example: Reading book, meeting hall.
6. As a noun head.
    Example: Good writing, good painting.
7. As a noun appositive.
    She has bad habit, gambling.
8. As a short prohibition.
    Example: No smoking, no crying, no talking, no kidding.


KEYS OF GERUND
1. After adjective
    Example: This is a beautiful painting.
2. After demonstrative adjective
    Example: Whose crying always makes you sad.
3. After other verbs
    Example: I don't mind helping you.

SUMMARY GERUND [MEMAHAMI GERUND DENGAN MUDAH DAN GAMPANG]

KINDS OF GERUND
1. As a subject.
    Example: Reading makes me clever.
2. As a complement.
    Example: His hobby is fishing.
3. As and object of preposition.
    Example: She accused of lying her friends.
4. As an object of verb.
    Example: He has admitted taking my bag.
5. As a noun modifier.
    Example: Reading book, meeting hall.
6. As a noun head.
    Example: Good writing, good painting.
7. As a noun appositive.
    She has bad habit, gambling.
8. As a short prohibition.
    Example: No smoking, no crying, no talking, no kidding.


KEYS OF GERUND
1. After adjective
    Example: This is a beautiful painting.
2. After demonstrative adjective
    Example: Whose crying always makes you sad.
3. After other verbs
    Example: I don't mind helping you.

TOFEFL (DEPENDENT AND INDEPENDENT CLAUSE)

1. She wanted the children to come to the dining room , so that _________________ can have dinner together.
    a. she
    b. we
    c. you
    d. they

2. The victims of flood ______________ we have collected money and clothes are now housed in barracks outside the town.
    a. which
    b. whose
    c. for whom
    d. whom

3. There are tourists, _____________ are Japanese,

TOFEFL (DEPENDENT AND INDEPENDENT CLAUSE)

1. She wanted the children to come to the dining room , so that _________________ can have dinner together.
    a. she
    b. we
    c. you
    d. they

2. The victims of flood ______________ we have collected money and clothes are now housed in barracks outside the town.
    a. which
    b. whose
    c. for whom
    d. whom

3. There are tourists, _____________ are Japanese,

TOEFL (WORD ORDER)

TOEFL (WORD ORDER)

 

1.  "Does he often come to this museum?" No, ____________"

     a. he has visited it only once.

     b. only has has visited once.

     c. he has once visited it only.

     d. once he has only visited it.

2. "I'd like to book three standard rooms for next week, please,"

    "I'm sorry, Sir, our hotel _____________ until the end of the month."

     a. it is fully booked.

     b. we book it fully.

     c. it fully booked.

     d. booking it fully.

3. Which of the following sentences is correct?

    a. early the farmer left home in the morning.

    b. the farmer left home in the morning early.

    c. the farmer left home early in the morning.

    d. the farmer in the morning left home early.

4. "Tuti came home very late last night. Where did Budiman take her to?"

    a. she took him to the movies last night.

    b. he took her last night to the movies.

    c. last night, she took him to the movies.

    d. He took her to the movies last night.

5. Which of the following sentences is correct?

    a. Ati usually writers me on my birthday a long letter.

    b. usually Ati on my birthday writes me a long letter.

    c. Ati usually writes me along letter on my birthday.

    d. usually a long letter Ati writes me on my birthday.

 

6. When Tomoko a Japanese was asked __________ of the museum, she quickly replied that it had taught her a great deal about the History of Kraton Jogja.

   a. what did she think.

   b. about thinking.

   c. what she taught. 

   d. what she did think.

7. "She is one of the ten best dressed women in town."

    "Really? ______ ?

    a. does she always dress herself so fashionably.

    b. does she always so fashionably dress herself.

    c. does she so fashionably always dress herself.

    d. does she dress herself so fashionably always.

 

8. As European artists began flocking to Bali  in the 1930s, western influences ________ into Balinese art.

   a. were gradually introduced.

   b. gradually introduced.

   c. to be gradually introduced.

   d. they are gradually introduced.

 

9. "What do you think about the location of our new restaurant?"

    "Excellent, ____________ in the centre of the town."

    a. which location is strategical.

    b. locating it stategically.

    c. it is strategically located.

    d. the strategical location.

 

10. "Why is he searching every drawer?"

     "Let's ask him ________ "

     a. what is he looking for?

     b. is he looking for something?

     c. if he looks for something.

     d. what he is looking for.

 

Answer Keys :

1. A

2. C

3. C

4. D

5. C

6. C

7. A

8. A

9. C

10. D

 

TOEFL (PASSIVE VOICE)

PASSIVE VOICE

1.  I am still waiting ________________ for an interview.

     a. to be called

     b. be calling

     c. be called

     d. to call

2. "You seem to be waiting for something these days." 

   "That's true; I'm waiting ___________ for an interview."

    a. called

    b. to call

    c. be called

    d. calling

3. Potatoes, now a major source of food worldwide, _______________ to Europe by the Spanish in the 16th century.

    a. were brought

    b. had been brought

    c. were being brought

    d. brought

4. The importance of the laser lies in the great variety of its uses and the great number of benefits _________ in the field of medicine.

   a. is expected

   b. expected

   c. it expects

   d. expecting

5. "Hasn't Anita submitted her report yet?"

    "I don't think so. It ________ ."

     a. be printing

     b. is printing

     c. is being printed

     d. being printed

6. "I haven't got the report on the seminar held last week"

    "I'm sure it ____________ on your desk yesterday"

    a. put

    b. was put

    c. being put

    d. putting

7. "When will the debate contest take place this year?"

     "I'll let you know later as it ______."

     a. has not scheduled yet

     b. has to schedule

     c. has been scheduling

     d. has not been scheduled yet

8. "Have you finished writing your final paper?" "Not quite." 

     From the above dialogue we may conclude that the paper ______________

    a. is ready to be submitted

    b. still has to be publised

    c. is rejected by the examiners

    d. still needs revising

9. "What time will the delayed plane depart?"

    "They say that it ___________ soon."

     a. will announce

     b. is to announce

     c. to be annnounced

     d. will be announced

10. The ex-president passed away before having the chance _______ on trial.

      a. put

      b. to put

      c. be put

      d. to be put.

Answer Keys :

1. A

2. C

3. A

4. A

5. C

6. B

7. D

8. D

9. D

10. D