Kegunaan 16 Tenses

Kegunaan Tenses

1. Simple Present Tense

- Menyatakan kebiasaan (habitual action)

  Contoh: We eat rice every day.

- Menyatakan kebenaran umum

   Contoh :The sun rises in the east.

2. Present Continuous Tense

- Menyatakan aktivitas yang sedang terjadi pada saat kita bicara sekarang ini.

   Contoh: She is sweeping the floor now.

3. Present Perfect Tense

- Menyatakan aktivitas yang pokoknya sudah terjadi tanpa diketahui waktunya dan biasanya berakibat sekarang.

   Contoh: I have taken a bath. (I feel fresh now)

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

    -Menyatakan aktivitas yang telah sedang berlangsung selama beberapa beberapa waktu sampai sekarang. 

    Contoh: We have been studying English in this classroom for an hour until now. 

5. Simple Past Tense

    -Menyatakan aktivitas yang terjadi diwaktu tertentu dimasa lampau.

     Contoh: He bought a car yesterday.

                   We went abroad last year.

6. Past Continuous Tense

    -Menyatakan aktivitas yang sedang berlangsung dimasa lampau.

     Contoh: We were studying English at 7 o'clock last night.

7. Past Perfect Tense

    -Menyatakan aktivitas yang sudah terjadi diwaktu lampau ketika ada aktivitas lain terjadi dimasa lampau juga. 

    Contoh: He had eaten rice when I came to his home last night. 

8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

   -Menyatakan aktivitas yang telah sedang berlangsung selama beberapa waktu dimasa lampau ketika ada peristiwa yang terjadi pula dimasa lampau. 

   Contoh: We had been studying English in his classroom for an hour when our teacher came yesterday.

9. Simple Future Tense

    -Menyatakan aktivitas yang akan dilakukan dimasa yang akan datang.

     Contoh: He will give go to Malang tomorrow.

    -Untuk membuat Conditional Sentence Type I.

     Contoh: He will give her a prize if she helps him.

10. Future Continuous Tense

      -Menyatakan aktivitas yang akan sedang terjadi dimasa yang akan datang. 

     Contoh: She will be singing a dangdut song at 7 o'clock tonight.

11. Future Perfect Tense

     -Menyatakan aktivitas yang akan telah dilakukan dimasa yang akan datang. 

     Contoh: He will have eaten by 8 o'clock tonight. 

12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense

     -Menyatakan aktivitas yang akan telah sedang berlangsung selama beberapa waktu dimasa yang akan datang.

     Contoh: She will have been singing a dangdut song for an hour by 8 o'clock tonight. 

13. Simple Past Future Tense

     -Menyatakan aktivitas yang akan dilakukan dimasa lampau tetapi batal (seharusnya dilakukan)

     Contoh: He would visit her last night but unfortunately his motorcycle was broken. 

   -Untuk membuat Conditional Sentence Type II.

   Contoh: He would give her a prize if she helped him.

14. Past Future Continuous Tense 

     -Menyatakan aktivitas yang akan sedang terjadi dimasa lampau (seharusnya sedang terjadi).

     Contoh: She would be singing a dangdut song at 7 o'clock last night. 

15. Past Future Perfect Tense

      -Menyatakan aktivitas yang akan telah dilakukan dimasa yang lampau (seharusnya telah terjadi)

      Contoh: He would have eaten by 8 o'clock last night.

     -Untuk membuat conditional sentence Type III.

     Contoh: He would have built a big house if he had gone abroad.

16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

     -Menyatakan aktivitas yang akan telah sedang berlangsung selama beberapa waktu dimasa yang lampau (seharusnya telah sedang)

    Contoh: She would have been singing a dangdut song for an hour by 8 o'clock last night. 

Daftar Pustaka:

Speaking Grammar Vocabularies Verb, Mr. Hadi S.Pd.

PAST PERFECT TENSE (VERBAL)

 A. Kegunaan

1. Untuk menyatakan peristiwa, kegiatan atau tindakan yang telah selesai dilakukan di waktu lampau sebelum peristiwa lain terjadi.

Contoh: I had slept before they came.

              He had eaten before he went out.

2. Untuk mengubah Direct Indirect (kalimat langsung) menjadi Indirect Speech (kalimat tak langsung) bila pernyataan dalam Present Perfect Tense atau Past Tense.

Contoh: He said, "I have met you." Diubah menjadi: 

              He said that he had met me.

              She said, "they came late." Diubah menjadi:

              She said that they had come late.

B. Pola Kalimat

(+) Subject + had + verb-3 + object + adverb

(-) Subject + had + not + verb-3 + object + adverb

(?) Had + subject + verb-3 + object + adverb ?

(-?) Hadn't + subject + verb-3 + object + adverb?

C. Catatan:

     Had not dapat disingkat menjadi hadn't.

D. Keterangan waktu yang biasa digunakan dalam Past Perfect Tense (verbal):

    - Before :

    - As soon as :

    - When :

    - Until :

    - After :

    - By the end of :

E. Latihan-latihan.

    Latihan 1. Ubahlah kalimat berikut dalam bentuk : negative, interrogative, dan negative-interrogative.

   Contoh: He had worked.

                 (-) He had not worked.

                 (?) Had he worked?

                 (-?) Hadn't he worked?

1. I had drunk the water.

    (-) 

    (?)

    (-?)

2. She had done it.

    (-) 

    (?)

    (-?)

3. They had finished the work.

    (-) 

    (?)

    (-?)

4. We had applied for the job.

    (-) 

    (?)

    (-?)

5. They had asked me about.

    (-) 

    (?)

    (-?)

6. He had posted the letter.

    (-) 

    (?)

    (-?)

7. Peter had replied the letter.

    (-) 

    (?)

    (-?)

8. My neighbours had moved.

    (-) 

    (?)

    (-?)

9. The students had called on them.

    (-) 

    (?)

    (-?)

10. You had got the answers.

    (-) 

    (?)

    (-?)

11. We had passed the test.

    (-) 

    (?)

    (-?)

12. Mary had fallen in love with him.

    (-) 

    (?)

    (-?)

13. Jack and Jill met each other.

    (-) 

    (?)

    (-?)

14. She had sold her rings.

    (-) 

    (?)

    (-?)

15. He had informed me about that.

    (-) 

    (?)

    (-?)

Latihan 2. Ubahlah kata kerja dalam tanda kurung menjadi bentuk yang tepat.

                 Contoh: He __________ his wallet. (lose)

                               He had lost his wallet.

1. She __________ the glass. (break)

2. We ___________ the events. (document)

3. They __________  the research. (do)

4. He ___________ the book. (cover)

5. They __________ the packet. (wrap)

6. Jane __________ into the water. (jump)

7. The judge __________ them into the jail. (put)

8. She _________ the new words. (learn)

9. We __________ their valuable goods. (hide)

10.He ____________ a modern house. (build)

11. My friends ____________ you to the party. (invite)

12. We ______________ them to pay their bill. (remind)

13. The audience ___________ before the actors spoke. (come)

14. My mother __________ my favorite food before I came. (cook)

15. He ___________ a new love song. (compose)

16. The robbers ____________ the tall building over there. (burn)

17. I ___________ the pictures on the wall. (hang)

18. The girls ___________ on the floor before I asked them. (sit)

19. The wind ___________ her hat on the way home. (blow.

20. The police ____________ the thieves before they got away. (catch)

     

PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE (VERBAL)

 Past Continuous Tense

A. Kegunaan

     1. Untuk menyatakan peristiwa, kegiatan atau tindakan yang sedang terjadi di masa lampau.

        Contoh: He was studyingin his room at that time. 

                   She was sleeping all day long.

     2. Untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa, kegiatan atau tindakan yang sedang berlangsung ketika peristiwa lainnya terjadi di masa lampau.

    Contoh: I was sleeping when you came.

                  They were going out when the accident happened.

     3. Untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang sering dilakukan di masa lampau sehingga sering mengganggu pembicara yang lain. 

         Contoh : She was always singing in front of me.

                        They were always making a lot of noise.

    4. Untuk mengubah kalimat dalam Direct Speech (kalimat langsung) menjadi kalimat Indirect Speech (kailmat tidak langsung) bila pernyataan dalam Present Continuous Tense. 

        Contoh : He said, "I am studying hard." Diubah menjadi:

                       He said that I was studying hard.

                   She said, "You are waiting for me." Diubah menjadi:

                   She said that I was waiting for her.

    5. Dengan menyebutkan keterangan waktu secara spesifik, untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang telah dimulai sebelum waktu yang dimaksud  dan kemungkinan masih diteruskan setelah itu. 

   Contoh: At 10 o'clock, they were having a test.

                At 9 o'clock, she was cooking in the kitchen.

B. Pola Kalimat:

    (+) Subject + was/were + verb-ing + object + adverb

    (-) Subject + was/were + not + verb-ing + object + adverb

    (?) Was/were + subject + verb-ing + object +  adverb?

C. Catatan:

    Keterangan waktu yang biasa digunakan dalam Past Continuous Tense:

    When . . . 

    While . . . 

    As . . . 

    At 9 o'clock yesterday

    All day yesterday

   The whole day yesterday

D. Latihan-latihan.

    Latihan 1. Ubahlah kalimat berikut dalam bentuk : negative, interrogative dan negative-interrogative.

    Contoh: I was studying English.

                  (-) I was not studying English.

                  (?) Was I studying English?

                 (-?) Wasn't I studying English?

    1. He was waiting outside.

        (-) ___________________________________

        (?) ___________________________________

        (-?) __________________________________

    2. It was raining heavily.

        (-) ___________________________________

        (?) ___________________________________

        (-?) __________________________________

    3. They were gambling in his house.

        (-) ___________________________________

        (?) ___________________________________

        (-?) __________________________________

    4. His wife was expecting a baby.

        (-) ___________________________________

        (?) ___________________________________

        (-?) __________________________________

    5. The lady was working hard.

        (-) ___________________________________

        (?) ___________________________________

        (-?) __________________________________

    6. The detectives were talking to the stranger.

        (-) ___________________________________

        (?) ___________________________________

        (-?) __________________________________

    7. He was cheating during the test.

        (-) ___________________________________

        (?) ___________________________________

        (-?) __________________________________

    8. She was shouting loudly.

        (-) ___________________________________

        (?) ___________________________________

        (-?) __________________________________

    9. The professor was giving a lecture to his students.

        (-) ___________________________________

        (?) ___________________________________

        (-?) __________________________________

    10. We were distributing the food to the refugees.

        (-) ___________________________________

        (?) ___________________________________

        (-?) __________________________________

    Latihan 2. Ubahlah kata kerja dalam tanda kurung menjadi bentuk yang benar.

    Contoh : I ________ football. (play)

                   I was playing football.

   1. They _______ when I came. (swim)

   2. They farmers _______ rice last month. (harvest)

   3. You _______ the programme on TV. (watch)

   4. He _______ the letter when I met him on the way. (post)

   5. She _______ the door. (lock)

   6. It ________ dark. (Get) 

   7. She _________ the Big tree. (climb) 

   8. We ________ him a present. (give) 

   9. Jane ________shopping. (do) 

   10. Ann and Jack _________ at me. (wave) 

    11. They _________ the well. (drill) 

    12. The policeman ____________ the car (drive) 

   13. The stewardess ___________ the passengers refreshments. (offer) 

   14. He ___________ his car over there. (park) 

   15. She _________ the room when the teacher came. (enter) 

   16. The boys __________ when their father came. (argue) 

   17. I _________ the street when the car hit me. (cross) 

   18. My uncle __________ in London when I went there. (live) 

   19. They _________ the floor when it rained. (sweep) 

   20. The birds ___________ when the hunters Saw them. (fly) 

   Latihan 3. Buatlah pertanyaan dan berikanlah jawaban. 

   Contoh : He - sleep

                  Was he sleeping? 

                  (+) Yes, he was. 

                  (-) No, he wasiat

1. She - come late. 

   _______________

   (+) 

   (-) 

2. You - help her. 

    ______________

    (+) 

    (-) 

3. They - take an English course

    ____________________________

    (+) 

    (-) 

4. She - push the door. 

    __________________

   (+) 

   (-) 

5. He - leave the room.

    __________________

   (+) 

   (-) 

6. My father - take a nap. 

   ______________________

   (+) 

   (-) 

7. John - go by plane. 

    ___________________

   (+) 

   (-) 

8. John and Mary - shake hands. 

    _____________________________

    (+) 

    (-) 

9. You - fish. 

    __________

    (+) 

    (-) 

10. They - read novels. 

       __________________

       (+) 

       (-) 

11. The cat - spill her tea. 

      _____________________

      (+) 

      (-) 

12. The men - stand under the tree. 

       ______________________________

      (+) 

       (-) 

      

13. The children - kick the ball. 

      __________________________

      (+) 

      (-) 

14. She - open the door. 

       ___________________

       (+) 

        (-) 

15. We - laugh at him when he told us the funny story. 

       _____________________________________

       (+) 

        (-) 

Latihan 4. Jawablah pertanyaan berikut. 

Contoh: what were you doing when he came? (eat) 

               I was eating. 

1. What was she doing when you Came? (play tennis) 

     ____________________________________

2. What were you doing when the lamp turned off? (do my homework) 

     ____________________________________

 

3. What was he doing when his father came? (translate the text) 

     ________________________________________

4. What was she doing when it rained? (iren her dress) 

    ________________________________________

5. What were you doing when she met you? (do nothing) 

     _______________________________________

6. What were they doing when you Saw them? (sit on the grass) 

    ________________________________________

7. What was he doing when you Came? (clean his room) 

     ________________________________________

8. What were they doing when you Came? (sing together) 

    ________________________________________

9. What were your friends doing when you Came? (Have a chat) 

    ________________________________________

10. What was she doing when the teacher shouted to us? (tease me) 

      _______________________________________

     

    

SIMPLE PAST TENSE (VERBAL)

Tenses Simple Past Tense (Verbal)

 Simple Past Tense (Verbal)

A. Kegunaan

1. Untuk menyatakan peristiwa atau kegiatan atau perbuatan di masa lampau.

    Contoh: I went to Jakarta last week.

                  They Played tennis yesterday.

2. Untuk menyatakan kebiasaan yang dilakukan di masa lampau.

   Contoh : I always came late last year.

                  He often smoked when he was still young.

                  They usually got up early when they were SMP students.

3. Simple Past Tense juga digunakan dalam Conditional Clause (Kalimat Bersyarat) untuk menyatakan peristiwa sekarang. 

Contoh : If I were a bird I could fly all over the world.

               (means : I am not a bird)

               If I found your wallet, I would return it to you.

                (means : I don't find your wallet)

4. Digunakan dalam kalimat Subjunctive (pengandaian) yang mengandung kata-kata: if only, would rather, wish, untuk menyatakan fakta yang bertentangan dengan situasi saat sekarang.

Contoh : If only I talked to her.

               (means : I don't talk to her)

               I would rather he went now.

               (means : He doesn't go now)

      

              I wish they were not ill.

              (means : They are ill)

B. Pola Kalimat

    (+) Subject + Verb-2 + object + adverb

    (-) Subejct + did + not + verb-1 + object + adverb

    (?) Did + subject + verb-1 + object + adverb?

C. Note: 

     Semua subject menggunakan "did" ketika negative dan interrogative.

D. Keterangan waktu yang biasa digunakan dalam Simple Past Tense.

    Yesterday : kemarin

    Yesterday morning : kemarin pagi

    This morning : pagi ini

    Yesterday night : kemarin malam

    The day before yesterday : kemarin lusa

    Last month : bulan lalu

    When . . . : ketika

    Last night : tadi malam

    Last year : tahun lalu

    . . . ago : . . . .lalu

    Yesterday afternoon : kemarin sore

    Last summer : musim panas lalu

    Last week : minggu lalu

   

E. Latihan-latihan

    Latihan 1. Ubahlah kalimat berikut dalam bentuk negative, interrogative, dan negative-interrogative.

    Contoh : He helped me yesterday.

                   (-) He did not help me yesterday.

                   (?) Did he help me yesterday?

                   (-?) Din't he help me yesterday?

1. They slept last night.

    (-) . . . 

    (?) . . . 

    (-?) . . . 

2. She swam in the sea last week.

    (-) . . . 

    (?) . . . 

    (-?) . . . 

3. She sang an English song last night.

    (-) . . . 

    (?) . . . 

    (-?) . . . 

4. We painted the fence last week. 

    (-) . . . 

    (?) . . . 

    (-?) . . . 

5. They thought about their debt.    

    (-) . . . 

    (?) . . . 

    (-?) . . . 

6. You had a good book last year.

    (-) . . . 

    (?) . . . 

    (-?) . . . 

7. Andre too an exercise every morning last month.

    (-) . . . 

    (?) . . . 

    (-?) . . . 

8. My parents bought a new bike for me.

    (-) . . . 

    (?) . . . 

    (-?) . . . 

9. My friend asked me to do the work last night.

    (-) . . . 

    (?) . . . 

    (-?) . . . 

10. She sold her ring last week.

    (-) . . . 

    (?) . . . 

    (-?) . . . 

11. He did his homework well.

    (-) . . . 

    (?) . . . 

    (-?) . . . 

12. Renne invited him to come to the party.

    (-) . . . 

    (?) . . . 

    (-?) . . . 

13. Dick promised to go home early.

    (-) . . . 

    (?) . . . 

    (-?) . . . 

14. You blamed me last week.

    (-) . . . 

    (?) . . . 

    (-?) . . . 

15. They spoke German.

    (-) . . . 

    (?) . . . 

    (-?) . . . 

16. He built a big house.

    (-) . . . 

    (?) . . . 

    (-?) . . . 

17. I missed her.

    (-) . . . 

    (?) . . . 

    (-?) . . . 

18. She came late yesterday.

    (-) . . . 

    (?) . . . 

    (-?) . . . 

19. The students returned the book to the library.

    (-) . . . 

    (?) . . . 

    (-?) . . . 

20. The hunters shot the animal in the forest.

    (-) . . . 

    (?) . . . 

    (-?) . . . 

Latihan 2. Ubahlah kata kerja dalam tanda kurung menjadi bentuk yang benar.

Contoh: My mother . . . in the kitchen. (cook)

              My mother cooked in the kitchen.

              She . . . her shoes. (not wash)

              She did not wish her shoes.

1. We . . . the bags. (carry)

2. You . . . the game. (win)

3. They . . . to get up early. (want)

4. She . . . a new piano. (have)

5. He . . . me his bike. (lend)

6. My uncle . . . Surabaya last week.  (go)

7. The passangers . . . happy during the trip. (feel)

8. They . . . very quickly. (run)

9. He . . . a beautiful bird yesterday. (catch)

10. One of the people . . . the room. (leave)

11. The lawyer . . . the robbers. (punish)

12. You . . . the new area last year. (investigate)

13. She . . . her old skirt because she wanted to buy a new one. (tear)

14. They . . . into the river. (jump)

15. I . . . to go abroad. (plan)

16. We . . . one of the available books. (choose)

17. He . . . the proposal. (sign)

18. My headmaster . . . the naughty students to his office. (call)

19. He . . . a pilot 10 years ago. (become)

20. I . . . her walking alone last night. (see)

Latihan 3. Buatlah pertanyaan dan berikan jawabannya.

Contoh: He - come early.

              Did he come early?

              Yes, he did.

             They - go home.

             Did they go home?

             Yes, they did.

1. He - hit my head yesterday.

    . . . 

    . . . 

2. You - smoke last night.

    . . . 

    . . . 

3. They - sing a song.

    . . . 

    . . . 

4. We - wait for them two days ago.

    . . . 

    . . . 

5. Mary - buy a pen yesterday.

    . . . 

    . . . 

6. John - win the singing  contest.

    . . . 

    . . . 

7. They - like dog.

    . . . 

    . . . 

8. He - admire her.

    . . . 

    . . . 

9. She - hate you.

    . . . 

    . . . 

10. Your family - send me a card.

      . . . 

      . . . 

11. His brother - join the group.

     . . . 

     . . . 

12. Her parents - allow her to go.

      . . . 

     . . . 

13. They - suggest you to stop working.

      . . . 

      . . . 

14. He - write an article about language.

     . . . 

    . . . 

15. He - go to market on foot.

      . . . 

      . . . 

Latihan 4. Berdasarkan kalimat yang ada, buatlah pertanyaan dan berikan jawabannya menurut kata-kata yang ada dalam tanda kurung.

Contoh: She stood there. (sit here)

              Did she stand there?

              No, she didn't. She sat there.

1. He offered her a television. (give her a radio)

    . . . 

    . . . 

2. They left for Yogya. (go to Bali)

    . . . 

    . . . 

3. They  sold their house. (buy a new one)

    . . . 

    . . . 

4. She took my glasses. (return them)

    . . . 

    . . . 

5. My daughter walked fast. (run fast)

    . . . 

   . . . 

6. The doctor gave an injection to the patient. (examine him)

    . . . 

    . . . 

7. The gardener planted some trees in the garden. (cut them)

    . . . 

   . . . 

8. They watched a football game yesterday. (see the accident)

    . . . 

    . . . 

9. The students prepared their test. (do their homework)

    . . . 

    . . . 

10. He interviewed the person. (advise her)

      . . . 

      . . . 

Latihan 5. Kerjakan soal berikut seperti pada contoh.

Contoh : What did he do? (sleep)

               He slept.

               Where did he go last night? (movie)

               He went to the movie.

               Why did he come late? (get up late)

               He got up late.

1. Where did he keep my letters? (in his bag)

    __________________________________

2. Where did she go last year? (America)

    __________________________________

3. Where did they wait for you? (at the bus station)

    __________________________________

4. Where did he meet them last week? (in my house)

    __________________________________

5. What did they hear? (a loud noise)

    __________________________________

6. What did you buy? (a pair of shoes)

    __________________________________

7. What did the students discuss? (their homework)

    __________________________________

8. What did the teacher tell you about? (my mistakes)

    __________________________________

9. What did the notice say? (no parking)

    __________________________________

10. What did she want from you? (my photograph)

    __________________________________

11. What did your parents give you? (a nice present for my birthday)

    __________________________________

12. What did he do at home? (help his father)

    __________________________________

13. What did they do at the zoo? (take some photographs)

    __________________________________

14. Why did he come late? (repair his bike)

    __________________________________

15. Why did she look sad? (miss her boyfriend)

    __________________________________

16. Why did the bench get wet? (rain last night)

    __________________________________

17. Why did you sell the car? (have no money)

   

METODE MENGHAFAL TENSES DALAM WAKTU 1 - 3 HARI SAJA

 

Metode Menghafal Tenses

Banyak orang yang mengalami kesulitan dalam menghafal 16 tenses. Mereka bingung bagaimana cara termudah dalam menghafalkan tenses. 

Oleh karena itu, kami berniat membantu mereka dalam menghafalkan 16 tenses dengan metode yang mudah dan gampang. 

Bagaimana caranya? 

Silahkan menonton video dibawah ini. 

Selamat menyaksikan. Terima kasih.

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE (VERBAL)

 

Present Perfect Continuous Tense 

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

A. Kegunaan

Untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang sudah dimulai di masa lampau dan masih sedang berlangsung hingga sekarang. Lamanya peristiwa tersebut selalu dinyatakan dalam jangka waktu tertentu.

Contoh. He has been sleeping for two hours.

              They have been living here for 10 years.

              We have been studying English for 6 years.

B. Pola Kalimat

     (+) Subject + have/has + been + verb-ing + o + kata keterangan

     (-) Subject + have/has + not + been + verb-ing + o + kata keterangan

     (?) Have/has + subject + been + verb-ing + o + kata keterangan

C. Keterangan waktu yang biasa digunakan dalam Present Pefect Continuous Tense:

- For . . .  : Selama . . . 

- The whole day : sehari penuh

- Since . . . : sejak . . . 

- All morning : seluruh waktu pagi

- Long :

- For over five months : selama lebih dari 5 bulan.

D. Note:

    I, you, we, they, nama orang 2 /nama hewan 2 / nama benda 2 : menggunakan "have been"

    She, he, it, nama orang 1 / nama hewan 1 / nama benda 1 : menggunakan "has been"

E. Latihan-Latihan

Latihan 1. Ubahlah kalimat berikut dalam bentuk negative, interrogative, dan negative-interrogative.

Contoh : He has been talking to her for two hours.

               (-) He has not been talking to her for two hours.

               (?) Has he been talking to her for two hours.

               (-?) Hasn't he been talking to her for two hours?

1. You have been waiting there for an hour.

    (-)

    (?)

    (-?) 

2. We have been working since 11 o'clock.

    (-)

    (?)

    (-?) 

3. They have been writing letters since breakfast.

    (-)

    (?)

    (-?) 

4. My aunt has been living there for a year.

    (-)

    (?)

    (-?) 

5. She has been studying for five hours.

    (-)

    (?)

    (-?) 

6. We have been discussing the matter for a week.

    (-)

    (?)

    (-?) 

7. He has been driving the car for a day.

    (-)

    (?)

    (-?) 

8. The students have been standing in front of the school for an hour.

    (-)

    (?)

    (-?) 

9. The baby has been crying for hours.

    (-)

    (?)

    (-?) 

10. I have been reading novel for an hour.

    (-)

    (?)

    (-?) 

Latihan 2. Ubahlah kata kerja yang ada dalam tanda kurung menjadi bentuk yang benar.

Contoh : They . . . for ten years. (work)

               They have been working for ten years. 

1. I . . . for five years. (teach)

2. They . . . me for hours. (help)

3. We . . . in New York for a year. (live)

4. The water . . . for 15 minutes. (boil)

5. He . . . in the room since this morning. (sit)

6. She . . .. to the radio since 10 o'clock. (listen)

7. They . . . .for a week. (hide)

8. The plane . . . for 5 hours. (fly)

9. He . . .. money since 20 years old. (make)

10. It . . . the whole day. (rain)

11. She . . . for three hours. (sleep)

12. They . . . the bridge for two years. (build)

13. The boy . . . anything since this morning. (not do)

14. They . . . to each other since Christmas. (not talk)

15. Jack and Jane . . . all morning. (run)

Latihan 3. Kerjakan soal berikut seperti contoh.

Contoh: I started working at 7. It's 8 o'clock. I'm still working. 

              I have been working for an hour.

             He moved to California in 1970. He is living there now. 

             He has been living there since 1970.

1. I didn't take a rest at 10. It's 12 o'clock. I am not taking a rest.

______________________________________________________

2. He started swimming at 9. It's 11 o'clock. He is still swimming.

______________________________________________________

3. They entered in the university in 1980. Now they are still studying there. 

______________________________________________________

4. Mary arrived at my house in 1990. She is still staying at my house now.

_______________________________________________________

5. He started writing his novel 1981. He is still writing it now.

______________________________________________________

6. My parents took a nap at 10. They are still sleeping now.

______________________________________________________

7. I took care of my nephew in 1960. I'm still taking care of him now. 

______________________________________________________

8. She started dancing at 5. It is 7 o'clock. She is still dancing.

______________________________________________________

9. They started painting the fence when it got dried. They are still painting the fence now.

______________________________________________________

10. My brother started learning English when he was still a junior high school. He is still learning English now.

______________________________________________________

11. The doctor started operating the patient at 8. It is 10 o'clock. He is still operating the patient.

______________________________________________________

12. We started driving at 5. Now it is 9 o'clock. We are still driving.

______________________________________________________

13. My friends started translating the text at 4. It's 7 o'clock. They are still translating the text now.

______________________________________________________

14. My father taught English when he was 30 years old. Now he is still teaching English.

______________________________________________________

15. I stopped working in 1977. I am not working now.

______________________________________________________

Latihan 4. Jawablah pertanyaan-pertanyaan berikut.

Contoh: How long have you been waiting for her? (for 10 minutes)

              I have been waiting for her for 10 minutes.

1. How long have you been looking for the gold? (for years)

______________________________________________________

2. How long have you been studying French? (for five years)

______________________________________________________

3. How long have they been arguing? (since 7 o'clock)

______________________________________________________

4. How long has it been raining? (since this morning)

______________________________________________________

5. How long has she been crying? (for an hour)

______________________________________________________

6. How long have we been walking? (for 10 hours)

______________________________________________________

7. How long have they been talking to the stranger? (for an hour)

______________________________________________________

8. How long has your friend been wearing glasses? (for a year)

______________________________________________________

9. How long has your teacher been going abroad? (since 1992)

______________________________________________________

10. How long have the boys been using your bike? (since this morning)

______________________________________________________

11. How long has she been cooking in the kitchen? (for an hour)

______________________________________________________

12. How long have they been smoking? (since 1990)

______________________________________________________

13. How long has he been sleeping? (since lunch)

______________________________________________________

14. How long have you been waiting for the letters? (for two months)

______________________________________________________

15. How long have you been watching TV? (for a few minutes)

______________________________________________________

16. How long have the children been bothering you? (for three hours)

______________________________________________________

17. How long have the students been playing basketball? (since this morning)

______________________________________________________

18. How long has she been teasing you? (since 1980)

______________________________________________________

19. How long have they been building the house? (since 1980)

______________________________________________________

20. How long has the dog been barking? (all night)

Referensi:

Gumpol, W.Y. 1994. Mastery of Sixteen Tenses. Yogyakarta: Kanisius

  

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE (VERBAL)

 

Present Perfect Tense (Verbal) dilengkapi dengan soal-soal

Present Perfect Tense (Verbal)

A. Kegunaan

1. Untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa atau tindakan yang telah selesai dilakukan dan hasilnya masih dapat dirasakan sekarang.

    Contoh : We have heard the news.

                   I have borrowed the book from the library.

                   She has eaten.

2. Untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang telah dilakukan dan masih berlaku hingga sekarang.

    Contoh : He has lived in Japan since 1993.

                   We have worked in the garden since 10 o'clock this morning. 

               He has been ill for a week.

3. Bila diikuti just, untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang baru saja selesai dilakukan.

    Contoh : I have just read the book.

                   She has just gone out.

                   We have just seen the film.

4. Untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang telah terjadi dimasa lampau dan berakhir pada saat kini.

    Contoh : I haven't seen you for years. It's nice to see you now.

                   It has been very old lately, and it begins to the hot. 

                   He hasn't listened to the radio for weeks, and now he is listening to it. 

5. Sering digunakan dalam tulis-menulis surat.

    Contoh : I have decided to write you about myself.

                   I haven't got your letter.

                   I have been busy lately, but I try to write you. 

6. Sering digunakan dalam bahasa surat kabar atau siaran untuk memperkenalkan suatu peristiwa.

    Contoh : Two men have been killed . . . 

                   Thousands of people have died because of the earthquake.

B. Pola Kalimat

(+) Subject + have/has + verb-3 + object + adverb

(-)  Subejct + have/has + not + verb-3 + object + adverb

(?) Have/has + subject + verb-3 + object + adverb?

Contoh: (+) I have spoken English

              (-) I have not spoken English

              (?) Have I spoken English?

              (-?) Haven't I spoken English?

             (+) She has spoken English.

             (-)  She has not spoken English.

             (?) Has she spoken English?

C. Note: 

    1. Subject : I, you, we, they, nama orang 2 / hewan 2 / benda 2 menggunakan "have"

    2. Subject : She, he, it, nama orang 1 / hewan 1 / benda 1 menggunakan "has"

    3. Has not dapat disingkat menjadi hasn't dan have not dapat disingkat menjadi haven't.

    4. Dalam kalimat negative-interrogative menggunakan hasn't atau haven't.

D. Adverb (kata keterangan) yang biasa digunakan dalam Present Perfect Tense:

already : kata ini biasanya digunakan untuk mengatakan sesuatu yang telah terjadi lebih dulu atau lebih awal daripada kemungkinan terjadinya. Penempatan kata ‘already’ biasanya di tengah kalimat.

Contoh :

I’ve already spent my salary and it’s two weeks before payday.

The train already left! What are we going to do?

recently : baru-baru ini

several times : beberapa kali

not yet : belum

since yesterday : sejak kemarin

for an hour : selama satu jam

yet : belum

this week : minggu ini

this month : bulan ini

so far : sejauh ini

since 2021 : sejak 2021

never : tidak pernah

just : baru saja

Many times : banyak kali

this year : bulan ini

lately : akhir-akhir ini

since this morning : sejak pagi ini

Latihan 1. Ubahlah kata kerja bantu has/have dalam kalimat berikut sesuai dengan subjek yang mengikutinya.

Contoh: He has taken my pen.

              They have taken my pen.

               You have taken my pen.

              Jack has taken my pen.

1. She has returned the book to me.

    They . . . 

    You . . . 

    He . . . 

2. I have lived in Australia since 1980.

    He . . . 

    They . . . 

    Mary . . . 

3. Has he bought any magazine?

    . . . we . . . 

    . . . she . . . 

    . . . they  . . . 

4. We have not learnt the language.

    The people . . .

    He . . . 

    You . . . 

5. You have not seen me for a long time.

    They . . . 

    She . . . 

    My parents . . . 

6. He has gone to the palace.

    The king . . . 

    The soldiers . . . 

7. They have already told you about the accident.

    The man . . . 

    The witness . . . 

    I . . . 

8. My uncle has come.

    My mother . . . 

    Your daughter . . . 

    They . . . 

9. The guests have reported it to the police.

    She . . . 

    He . . . 

    We . . . 

10. Your mother has not cooked the food for us. 

      They . . . 

      The servant . . . 

      She . . . 

11. We have met her.

      Jane and Robert . . . 

      Her friends . . . 

      I . . . 

12. They have filled the water into the bottle.

      You . . . 

      The children . . . 

      The boy . . . 

13. She has moved to her new house since February 1982.

      They . . . 

      He . . . 

      We . . . 

14. He you paid the debt?

      . . . he . . . 

      . . . the workers . . . 

      . . . Jane . . . 

15. The president has delivered the most interesting speech.

      I . . . 

      They . . . 

      The manager . . . 

Latihan 2. Jawablah pertanyaan berikut seperti pada contoh. 

Contoh: Has she spent a night in your house?

              (+) Yes, she has.

              (-) No, she hasn't.

1. Has he sold his house?

    (+) 

    (-)

2. Have they watched the film

    (+) 

    (-)

3. Has she already read the story?

    (+) 

    (-)

4. Have we missed her for long?

    (+) 

    (-)

5. Has Mary received the letter?

    (+) 

    (-)

6. The actors have recited the text.

    (-)

    (?)

7. Has the man called on you?

    (+) 

    (-)

8. Has your sister gone out?

    (+)

    (-)

9. Has Eric drunk a glass of tea?

    (+) 

    (-)

10. Has the gardener watered the plants?

      (+) 

      (-) 

11. Have the police taken him into jail?

      (+) 

      (-) 

12. Have the children swallowed the medicine?

      (+) 

      (-)

13. Have they won the game?

      (+)

      (-) 

14. Has he painted the wall?

      (+) 

      (-)

15. Have you borrowed the book?

      (+) 

      (-)

Latihan 3. Ubahlah kata kerja dalam tanda kurung.

Contoh: Father . . . (come)

              Father has come.

              They  . . . hard. (study)

              They have studied hard.

1. He . . . a bath. (take)

2. My sister . . . since 9 o'clock. (sleep)

3. We . . . a letter to him. (write)

4. They . . . us to the party. (invite)

5. The snake . . . one of the frogs. (bite)

6. Renny . . . her camera. (get)

7. We . . . Africa since June. (leave for)

8. She . . . the news before. (hear)

9. We . . . our way to the river. (lose)

10. Peter . . . from Japan. (return)

11. He . . . to me about his problem. (speak)

12. They . . . the tree for five times. (climb)

13. You . . . from your work. (stop)

14. They . . . a lot of bayan trees. (grow)

15. I . . . .the calculator on your desk. (put)

16. Mother . . . my shirt. (sew)

17. We . . . her for 10 years. (know)

18. The lesson . . . at 7 o'clock. (begin)

19. We . . . to go to the beach for two days. (plan)

20. Paul . . . to help you whenever you find difficulties. (promise)

Latihan 4. Jawablah pertanyaan-pertanyaan berikut.

Contoh: Who has taken the money? (the boy)

              They boy has taken the money.

               What has he sold? (his bike)

               He has sold his bike.

  

               Where have they met each other ? (in Malaysia)

                They have met each other in Malaysia.

1. What has he done? (his homework)

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2. Where have they gone? (to Canada)

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3. What has she bought? (some vegetables)

     . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4. What have they discussed? (the complicated problems?

      . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5. Who has made a lot of mistakes? (one of the students)

     . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6. Where have your parents lived since 1990? (in my village)

     . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

7. What have you asked her? (about my son)

      . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8. Who has robbed the bank? (the robbers)

      . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

9. Where has he signed the agreement? (in his office)

      . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

10. What have they reported to you? (about the progress of our business)

      . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

11. Where have you found the key? (in my pocket)

       . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

12. What has she sent to you? (a letter)

       . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

13. Who has taught you English? (my young English teacher)

       . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

14. What have you eaten? (a piece of cake)

       . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

15. What have you learnt? (the English tenses)

      . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .