Simple Present Tense (Verbal)
A. Kegunaan
1. Untuk menyatakan hal-hal yang bersifat umum.
Contoh : The sun rises in the east.
There are twelve months in a year.
A ball is round.
2. Untuk menyatakan suatu kebiasaan yang dilakukan sekarang.
Contoh : He studies English every day.
They work in the office.
She gets up early every morning.
3. Untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang akan dilakukan di masa yang akan datang.
Contoh : The bus leaves tomorrow morning.
I go to your house next week.
He arrives in Holland next month.
4. Untuk menyatakan perintah atau permintaan.
Contoh : Please let us do the work.
Get out of the room!
Call the police if you want.
5. Untuk menyatakan larangan/peringatan.
Contoh : Don't open the door!
Don't go!
Don't tell him about it!
6. Untuk menjelaskan suatu kegiatan yang sedang dilakukan pada saat sekarang. Biasanya dalam suatu demonstrasi membuat sesuatu sambil menjelaskan tahap demi tahap.
Contoh : Ladies and gentlemen, most of you don't know how to make a glass of nice coffee. First of all, take a spoonful of sugar, put it into a glass, than take a glass of hot water, .....
7. Untuk memberikan komentar dalam suatu pertandingan.
Contoh : Hartono passes the ball to Roni. Then Roni passes it to Ramang who heads it past the goalkeeper and scores!
8. Untuk memberikan komentar dalam babak-babak drama kepada penonton/pendengar.
Contoh : When the thief comes up, the owner of the gold hides behind the door. He is so afraid of the thief. But Suddenly, the thief stands up in front of him, put a knife around his neck,....
9. Digunakan dalam kalimat seru yang dimulai dengan here atau there.
Contoh : Here she comes!
Here comes the plane!
There he goes!
There goes the bell!
B. Pola Kalimat
(+) Subject + verb-1(s/es) + object + adverb
(-) Subject + do/does + not + verb-1+ object + adverb
(?) Do/does +Subject + verb-1+ object + adverb?
(-?) Do + not + Subject + verb-1 + object + adverb?
Example in the Sentence :
(+) I speak English
(-) I do not speak English
(?) Do I speak English?
Example in the Sentence :
(+) I speak English
(-) I do not speak English
(?) Do I speak English?
(-?) Don't I speak English?
(+) She speaks English
(-) She does not speak English
(?) Does she speak English?
(+) She speaks English
(-) She does not speak English
(?) Does she speak English?
(-?) Doesn't she speak English?
Note :
I, you, we, they, nama orang dua 🠞 tanpa ditambah dengan "S/ES"
she, he, it, nama orang satu 🠞 ditambah dengan "S/ES"
Note :
I, you, we, they, nama orang dua 🠞 tanpa ditambah dengan "S/ES"
she, he, it, nama orang satu 🠞 ditambah dengan "S/ES"
I,you,we,they, nama orang dua 🠞 ditambah dengan "DO NOT"
She,he,it, nama orang satu 🠞 ditambah dengan "DOES NOT"
DO 🠞 I,you,we,they,nama orang dua?
DOES 🠞 She,he,it,nama orang satu?
Catatan Penting :
# Huruf "s" ditambahkan pada kata kerja yang diikuti oleh subject kalimat : she, he, it, nama orang/benda tunggal atau jabatan/sebutan orang tunggal.
Contoh : He works.
Jane works.
The director works.
#Huruf "es" ditambahkan pada kata kerja yang huruf terakhir adalah : -es,-sh,-ch,-x,-o, bila diikuti subject kalimat seperti she, he, it,nama orang/benda tunggal atau jabatan/sebutan orang tunggal.
Contoh: Pass 🠞 He passes
Wash 🠞 Jack washes
Go 🠞 The doctor goes
Watch 🠞 She watches
Fix 🠞 The carpenter fixes
#Huruf "ies" ditambahkan kepada kata-kata yang memiliki huruf mati (consonant) diikuti y bila subject kalimat yang mengikutinya: she, he, it, nama orang/benda tunggal atau jabatan/sebutan orang tunggal. Huruf y luluh menjadi huruf i.
Contoh : Fly 🠞 The plane flies.
Cry 🠞 She cries.
#Kata have dalam kalimat positive, bila diikuti subject kalimat she, he, it, nama orang/benda/binatang tunggal atau jabatan/sebutan orang tunggal berubah menjadi has.
Contoh : He has a lot of books.
The teacher has a dictionary.
#Kata bantu do not disingkat menjadi don't sedangkan kata bantu does not dapat disingkat menjadi doesn't.
Contoh : We do not eat 🠞 We don't eat.
He does not eat 🠞 He doesn't eat.
#Keterangan waktu yang biasa digunakan dalam Simple Present Tense :
Every day : setiap hari
Every week : setiap minggu
Every month : setiap bulan
Every year : setiap tahun
Every morning : setiap pagi
Every evening : setiap malam
Every night : setiap malam (menjelang tidur)
Every monday : setiap hari senin
Every sunday : setiap hari minggu / ahad
Every december : setiap bulan desember
Every...(names of days/nama-nama hari)
Every....(names of months / nama-nama bulan)
Once in a week : sekali dalam seminggu
Twice a week : dua kali dalam seminggu
Once a day : sekali dalam sehari
Twice a day : dua kali dalam sehari
Once a month : sekali dalam sebulan
Once a year : sekali dalam setahun
Twice a month : dua kali dalam sebulan
Twice a year : dua kali dalam setahun
Three times a day : tiga kali dalam sehari
........a day : . . . . .dalam sehari
Once in a while : sekali-kali
Always : selalu
Sometimes : kadang-kadang
Generally : umumnya
Usually : biasanya
Often : sering
Never : tidak pernah
Regularly : biasanya
Nowadays : kini
Frequently : seringkali
Seldom : jarang
Normally : biasanya
Latihan 1:
Ubahlah kalimat berikut menjadi bentuk negative, interrogative dan negative-interrogative.
Contoh : He gets up early.
(-) He does not get up early.
(?) Does he get up early?
(-?) Doesn't he get up early?
1. They feel tired.
(-) _____________________
(?) _____________________
(-?) ____________________
2. We drink a lot of water.
(-) ______________________
(?) ______________________
(-?) _____________________
3. She comes late.
(-) _____________________
(?) _____________________
(-?) ____________________
4. My friend tells me a lie.
(-) _____________________
(?) _____________________
(-?) ____________________
5. Mary dreams every night.
(-) _____________________
(?) _____________________
(-?) ____________________
6. John and Mary like fish.
(-) ______________________
(?) ______________________
(-?) _____________________
7. He carries that heavy box.
(-) ______________________
(?) ______________________
(-?) _____________________
8. The carpenter cuts the tree.
(-) _____________________
(?) ____________________
(-?) ____________________
9. She finds the books.
(-) _____________________
(?) _____________________
(-?) ____________________
10. The dogs run after the cats.
(-) ___________________
(?) ___________________
(-?) ___________________
11. The girl does her homework.
(-) ____________________
(?) ____________________
(-?) ___________________
12. The boys play on the ground.
(-) ____________________
(?) ___________________
(-?) ___________________
13. We laugh at him.
(-) ___________________
(?) ___________________
(-?) ___________________
14. They read history book.
(-) ____________________
(?) ___________________
(-?) __________________
15. My sister sits on the chair.
(-) ___________________
(?) ___________________
(-?) ___________________
16. The driver drives his car.
(-) ___________________
(?) ____________________
(-?) ___________________
17. My uncle goes to Tulungagung.
(-) ______________________
(?) ______________________
(-?) _____________________
18. The policemen arrest him.
(-) _____________________
(?) _____________________
(-?) ____________________
19. My father buys a car.
(-) _____________________
(?) ____________________
(-?) ____________________
20. I blow the candle light.
(-) ____________________
(?) ____________________
(-?) ___________________
Latihan 2. Ubahlah kata kerja yang dicetak miring dalam kalimat berikut (bila memungkinkan) sesuai dengan subject yang mengikutinya.
Latihan 1:
Ubahlah kalimat berikut menjadi bentuk negative, interrogative dan negative-interrogative.
Contoh : He gets up early.
(-) He does not get up early.
(?) Does he get up early?
(-?) Doesn't he get up early?
1. They feel tired.
(-) _____________________
(?) _____________________
(-?) ____________________
2. We drink a lot of water.
(-) ______________________
(?) ______________________
(-?) _____________________
3. She comes late.
(-) _____________________
(?) _____________________
(-?) ____________________
4. My friend tells me a lie.
(-) _____________________
(?) _____________________
(-?) ____________________
5. Mary dreams every night.
(-) _____________________
(?) _____________________
(-?) ____________________
6. John and Mary like fish.
(-) ______________________
(?) ______________________
(-?) _____________________
7. He carries that heavy box.
(-) ______________________
(?) ______________________
(-?) _____________________
8. The carpenter cuts the tree.
(-) _____________________
(?) ____________________
(-?) ____________________
9. She finds the books.
(-) _____________________
(?) _____________________
(-?) ____________________
10. The dogs run after the cats.
(-) ___________________
(?) ___________________
(-?) ___________________
11. The girl does her homework.
(-) ____________________
(?) ____________________
(-?) ___________________
12. The boys play on the ground.
(-) ____________________
(?) ___________________
(-?) ___________________
13. We laugh at him.
(-) ___________________
(?) ___________________
(-?) ___________________
14. They read history book.
(-) ____________________
(?) ___________________
(-?) __________________
15. My sister sits on the chair.
(-) ___________________
(?) ___________________
(-?) ___________________
16. The driver drives his car.
(-) ___________________
(?) ____________________
(-?) ___________________
17. My uncle goes to Tulungagung.
(-) ______________________
(?) ______________________
(-?) _____________________
18. The policemen arrest him.
(-) _____________________
(?) _____________________
(-?) ____________________
19. My father buys a car.
(-) _____________________
(?) ____________________
(-?) ____________________
20. I blow the candle light.
(-) ____________________
(?) ____________________
(-?) ___________________
Latihan 2. Ubahlah kata kerja yang dicetak miring dalam kalimat berikut (bila memungkinkan) sesuai dengan subject yang mengikutinya.
Contoh: She walks alone.
They walk alone.
Father walks alone.
Mary walks alone.
1. He does not smoke.
We . . .
They . . .
She . . .
2. They don't study.
You . . .
He . . .
Ann . . .
3. Does John speak English ?
. . . They . . .
. . . She . . .
. . . Jack . . .
4. Mr Brown sends me a letter.
Your friends . . .
Cindy . . .
They . . .
5. Mrs. Brown gives us a book.
Mr. and Mrs. Brown . . .
She . . .
You . . .
6. He does not tell us the story.
Peter . . .
She . . .
Paul and Peter. . .
7. We do not clean the window.
She . . .
I . . .
My servant. . .
8. Our guests want some food.
The boss . . .
The child . . .
The boys . . .
9. He studies every day.
You . . .
We . . .
Mary . . .
10. The girl cries.
You . . .
They . . .
He . . .
11. The bird flies.
It . . .
The hens . . .
The eagle . . .
12. Jane chooses the books.
We . . .
They . . .
He . . .
13. The teacher dances.
We . . .
The girls . . .
She . . .
14. She kisses her son.
They . . .
My mother . . .
The women . . .
15. He closes the door.
You . . .
The shopkeeper . . .
We . . .
Latihan 3. Jawablah pertanyaan-pertanyaaan berikut seperti pada contoh.
Contoh: Does he speak English?
(+) Yes, he does.
(-) No, he doesn't.
1. Does mother cook rice?
(+) _________________
(-) _________________
2. Does he get angry?
(+) ________________
(-) ________________
3. Do you come late?
(+) ________________
(-) _________________
4. Does she sing a song?
(+) ______________
(-) _______________
5. Do the farmers work hard?
(+) __________________
(-) __________________
6. Does the teacher stand in class?
(+) _____________________
(-) _____________________
7. Does your father stay at home?
(+) _____________________
(-) _____________________
(?) _____________________
8. Do you like English?
(+) _____________________
(-) _____________________
9. Do your friends come from USA?
(+) _____________________
(-) _____________________
10. Do we drink beer?
(+) ___________________
(-) ___________________
11. Does Ann help her mother?
(+) ___________________
(-) ___________________
12. Does Jack grow flower?
(+) __________________
(-) __________________
13. Do you understand that?
(+) _________________
(-) __________________
14. Does the teacher explain it?
(+) __________________
(-) ___________________
15. Do you come from China?
(+) __________________
(-) __________________
16. Do you come from Berlin?
(+) __________________
(-) ___________________
17. Does the pilot take a rest?
(+) __________________
(-) ___________________
18. Do Ann and Jack work hard?
(+) ____________________
(-) ____________________
Latihan 4. Terjemahkan kata-kata di dalam tanda kurung ke dalam bahasa Inggris.
Contoh: He _______ a book. (ingin)
He wants a book
1. She _______ some sugar. (memerlukan)
2. They ________ the same mistake. (mengulangi)
3. The students __________ in ghost. (percaya)
4. We _______ her name. (ingat)
5. One of the participants ________ the street. (menyeberangi)
6. He ________ loudly. (berbicara)
7. She ________ the number of the persons. (menghitung)
8. He _________ Catherine for her kindness. (berterima kasih)
9. You ________ on the floor. (jatuh)
10. I _________ that strange noise. (mendengarkan)
11. My mother _________ where he is. (tahu)
12. It ________ under the table. (tidur)
13. We ________ our old car. (menjual)
14. The bear ________ fast. (lari)
15. She _________ me her ring. (memperlihatkan)
Latihan 5. Jawablah pertanyaan berikut seperti pada contoh.
Contoh: What does he do there? (Learn English)
He learns English.
1. Where does he go? (to the market)
________________
2. What does he do there? (buy some milk)
___________________
3. How does he go there? (on foot)
___________________
4. What does she say? (nothing)
________________
5. What do they want? (a dictionary)
_______________
6. Where do they hide? (in a cave)
_________________
7. How do they work? (hard)
_________________
8. Where do you come from? (Bandung)
_________________
9. Where does he live? (in USA)
_________________
10. Where does he go? (to Sumatra)
_________________
11. What do you see? (a man)
_______________
12. What do you eat? (rice)
_______________
13. How do they go? (by plane)
_______________
14. What does she have? (a book)
________________
15. What do we discuss about? (about art)
_________________