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| English Contractions |
ENGLISH CONTRACTIONS
(SINGKATAN-SINGKATAN DALAM BAHSA INGGRIS)
Ada tiga macam tentang English Contractions.
1. Positive Contractions
2. Negative Contractions
3. Informal Contractions
1. Positive Contractions
➤ I'm 🠊I am
Example: I'm waiting for my friend.
➤ I'll 🠊I will
Example: I'll see you tomorrow.
➤ I'd 🠊I had / would
Example: 1. I'd better leave now.
2. I'd already eaten by the time he arrived.
➤ I've 🠊I have
Example: I've worked here for many years.
➤ You're 🠊You are
Example: You're joking!
➤ You'll 🠊You will
Example: You'll be sorry!
➤ You'd 🠊You had /would
Example: 1. You'd left before he arrived, hadn't you?
2. You'd better go to Hospital now.
➤ You've 🠊You have
Example : You've been to London many times.
➤ He's 🠊He is / has
Example : 1. He's on the phone now.
2. He's been playing tennis since 10 this morning.
➤ He'll 🠊He will
Example : He'll be here tomorrow.
➤ He'd 🠊He had / would
Example : 1. He'd prefer to meet you later in the week.
2. He'd finished before the meeting began.
➤ She's 🠊She is / has
Example : 1. She's watching TV at the moment.
2. She's had a lot of trouble lately.
➤ She'll 🠊 She will
Example : She'll be at the meeting.
➤ She'd 🠊She had / would
Example: 1. She'd been working for two hours when he telephoned.
2. She'd like to have a glass of wine.
➤ It's 🠊It is / has
Example : 1. It's been long time since we saw each other last.
2. It's very difficult to concentrate.
➤ It'll 🠊 It will
Example : It'll be here soon.
➤ It'd 🠊 It would / had
Example: 1. It'd be difficult to say no.
2. It'd been a long time.
➤ We're 🠊 We are
Example : We're working hard on the Smith account this week.
➤We'll 🠊 We will
Example : We'll begin when he arrives.
➤ We'd 🠊 We had / would
Example : 1. We'd better hurry if we want to catch the train.
2. We'd finished the meeting before you arrived.
➤ We've 🠊 We have
Example : We've been waiting for you!
➤ They're 🠊 They are
Example: They're studying German this afternoon.
➤ They'll 🠊 They will
Example: They'll finish soon if they concentrate.
➤ They'd 🠊 They had / would
Example : 1. They'd eaten their lunch when she stopped by to say hello.
2. They'd rather not come to the meeting.
➤ They've 🠊 They have
Example : They've just purchased a new home.
➤ There's 🠊 There is / has
Example: 1. There's a hotel in the next town.
2. There's been many telephone calls today.
➤ There'll 🠊 There will
Example: There'll be a price to pay.
➤ There'd 🠊 There had / would
Example : 1. There'd better be a good explanation for this.
2. There'd be some reason for that.
➤ That's 🠊 That is / has
Example : 1. That's been on my mind lately.
2. That's why I can't come.
➤ That'll 🠊 That will
Example : That'll happen sooner than you think.
➤ That'd 🠊 That had / would
Example : 1. That'd be the reason why.
2. That'd happened before my time.
2. Negative Contractions
➤ Aren't 🠊 Are not
Example : They aren't coming next week.
➤ Can't 🠊 Cannot
Example : I can't understand you.
➤ Couldn't 🠊 Could not
Example: He couldn't get his shoes on!
➤ Didn't 🠊 Did not
Example: We didn't visit Rome. We went straight to Florence.
➤ Doesn't 🠊 Does not
Example: He doesn't play golf.
➤ Don't 🠊 Do not
Example: They don't like cheese.
➤ Hadn't 🠊 Had not
Example: I hadn't thought of that!
➤ Hasn't 🠊 Has not
Example: She hasn't telephoned yet.
➤ Isn't 🠊 Is not
Example: She isn't a student of Airlangga University.
➤ Mustn't 🠊 Must not
Example: Children mustn't play with fire.
➤ Needn't 🠊 Need not
Example: You needn't worry about that.
➤ Shouldn't 🠊 Should not
Example: You shouldn't smoke cigarettes.
➤ Wasn't 🠊 Was not
Example: I wasn't joking when I said that.
➤ Weren't 🠊 Were not
Example: They weren't invited to the party.
➤ Won't 🠊 Will not
Example: I won't be able to attend the conference.
➤ Wouldn't 🠊 Would not
Example: She wouldn't be surprised if he showed up at the party.
➤ Wouldn't 🠊 Would not
Informal Contractions
Informal Contractions adalah bentuk-bentuk penyingkatan yang sering kali muncul dalam situasi tidak formal. Kalau kita sering melihat bentuk penyingkatan seperti "you've" sebagai bentuk singkatan dari "you have", maka bentuk penyingkatan tersebut adalah bentuk penyingkatan formal (resmi).
Penyingkatan tidak resmi sering digunakan dalam percakapan dan tulisan tidak resmi. Berikut ini adalah contoh penyingkatan tidak resmi yang sering digunakan dalam bahasa Inggris.
1. ain't = am not/are/is not/has not/have not
Example: -I ain't sure.
- You ain't my boss.
= has not/have not
Example: - I ain't done it.
- She ain't finished yet.
2. gimme = give me
Example: - Gimme your money.
- Don't gimme that rubbish.
Can you gimme a hand.
3. gonna = going to
Example: - Nothing's gonna change my love for you.
- I'm not gonna tell you.
- What are you gonna do?
4. gotta = [have] got a
Example: - I gotta gun.
- She hasn't gotta penny.
- Have you gotta car?
5. gotta = (have) got to : mempunyai arti "harus"
Example: - I've gotta go now.
- I gotta go now.
- We haven't gotta do that.
- Have they gotta work?
6. kinda = kind of
Example: - She's kinda cute.
7.lemme = let me
Example: -Lemme go!
8.wanna = want to
Example: I wanna go home.
9.wanna = want a
Example: -I wanna coffee.
10.whatcha = what are you
Example: -Whatcha going to do?
11.Whatcha = what have you
-Whatcha got there?
12. ya = you
Example: Who saw ya?
13. yah = yes
Example: yah, you are right.
14. o' = of 🠞 digunakan dalam tulisan untuk merepresentasikan "of" ketika "f" nya tidak dilafalkan.
Example: a bottle o' honey
15. aintcha = are you not, aren't you.
Example: You'are having breakfast, aintcha?