PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE (VERBAL)

 

Present Perfect Continuous Tense 

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

A. Kegunaan

Untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang sudah dimulai di masa lampau dan masih sedang berlangsung hingga sekarang. Lamanya peristiwa tersebut selalu dinyatakan dalam jangka waktu tertentu.

Contoh. He has been sleeping for two hours.

              They have been living here for 10 years.

              We have been studying English for 6 years.

B. Pola Kalimat

     (+) Subject + have/has + been + verb-ing + o + kata keterangan

     (-) Subject + have/has + not + been + verb-ing + o + kata keterangan

     (?) Have/has + subject + been + verb-ing + o + kata keterangan

C. Keterangan waktu yang biasa digunakan dalam Present Pefect Continuous Tense:

- For . . .  : Selama . . . 

- The whole day : sehari penuh

- Since . . . : sejak . . . 

- All morning : seluruh waktu pagi

- Long :

- For over five months : selama lebih dari 5 bulan.

D. Note:

    I, you, we, they, nama orang 2 /nama hewan 2 / nama benda 2 : menggunakan "have been"

    She, he, it, nama orang 1 / nama hewan 1 / nama benda 1 : menggunakan "has been"

E. Latihan-Latihan

Latihan 1. Ubahlah kalimat berikut dalam bentuk negative, interrogative, dan negative-interrogative.

Contoh : He has been talking to her for two hours.

               (-) He has not been talking to her for two hours.

               (?) Has he been talking to her for two hours.

               (-?) Hasn't he been talking to her for two hours?

1. You have been waiting there for an hour.

    (-)

    (?)

    (-?) 

2. We have been working since 11 o'clock.

    (-)

    (?)

    (-?) 

3. They have been writing letters since breakfast.

    (-)

    (?)

    (-?) 

4. My aunt has been living there for a year.

    (-)

    (?)

    (-?) 

5. She has been studying for five hours.

    (-)

    (?)

    (-?) 

6. We have been discussing the matter for a week.

    (-)

    (?)

    (-?) 

7. He has been driving the car for a day.

    (-)

    (?)

    (-?) 

8. The students have been standing in front of the school for an hour.

    (-)

    (?)

    (-?) 

9. The baby has been crying for hours.

    (-)

    (?)

    (-?) 

10. I have been reading novel for an hour.

    (-)

    (?)

    (-?) 

Latihan 2. Ubahlah kata kerja yang ada dalam tanda kurung menjadi bentuk yang benar.

Contoh : They . . . for ten years. (work)

               They have been working for ten years. 

1. I . . . for five years. (teach)

2. They . . . me for hours. (help)

3. We . . . in New York for a year. (live)

4. The water . . . for 15 minutes. (boil)

5. He . . . in the room since this morning. (sit)

6. She . . .. to the radio since 10 o'clock. (listen)

7. They . . . .for a week. (hide)

8. The plane . . . for 5 hours. (fly)

9. He . . .. money since 20 years old. (make)

10. It . . . the whole day. (rain)

11. She . . . for three hours. (sleep)

12. They . . . the bridge for two years. (build)

13. The boy . . . anything since this morning. (not do)

14. They . . . to each other since Christmas. (not talk)

15. Jack and Jane . . . all morning. (run)

Latihan 3. Kerjakan soal berikut seperti contoh.

Contoh: I started working at 7. It's 8 o'clock. I'm still working. 

              I have been working for an hour.

             He moved to California in 1970. He is living there now. 

             He has been living there since 1970.

1. I didn't take a rest at 10. It's 12 o'clock. I am not taking a rest.

______________________________________________________

2. He started swimming at 9. It's 11 o'clock. He is still swimming.

______________________________________________________

3. They entered in the university in 1980. Now they are still studying there. 

______________________________________________________

4. Mary arrived at my house in 1990. She is still staying at my house now.

_______________________________________________________

5. He started writing his novel 1981. He is still writing it now.

______________________________________________________

6. My parents took a nap at 10. They are still sleeping now.

______________________________________________________

7. I took care of my nephew in 1960. I'm still taking care of him now. 

______________________________________________________

8. She started dancing at 5. It is 7 o'clock. She is still dancing.

______________________________________________________

9. They started painting the fence when it got dried. They are still painting the fence now.

______________________________________________________

10. My brother started learning English when he was still a junior high school. He is still learning English now.

______________________________________________________

11. The doctor started operating the patient at 8. It is 10 o'clock. He is still operating the patient.

______________________________________________________

12. We started driving at 5. Now it is 9 o'clock. We are still driving.

______________________________________________________

13. My friends started translating the text at 4. It's 7 o'clock. They are still translating the text now.

______________________________________________________

14. My father taught English when he was 30 years old. Now he is still teaching English.

______________________________________________________

15. I stopped working in 1977. I am not working now.

______________________________________________________

Latihan 4. Jawablah pertanyaan-pertanyaan berikut.

Contoh: How long have you been waiting for her? (for 10 minutes)

              I have been waiting for her for 10 minutes.

1. How long have you been looking for the gold? (for years)

______________________________________________________

2. How long have you been studying French? (for five years)

______________________________________________________

3. How long have they been arguing? (since 7 o'clock)

______________________________________________________

4. How long has it been raining? (since this morning)

______________________________________________________

5. How long has she been crying? (for an hour)

______________________________________________________

6. How long have we been walking? (for 10 hours)

______________________________________________________

7. How long have they been talking to the stranger? (for an hour)

______________________________________________________

8. How long has your friend been wearing glasses? (for a year)

______________________________________________________

9. How long has your teacher been going abroad? (since 1992)

______________________________________________________

10. How long have the boys been using your bike? (since this morning)

______________________________________________________

11. How long has she been cooking in the kitchen? (for an hour)

______________________________________________________

12. How long have they been smoking? (since 1990)

______________________________________________________

13. How long has he been sleeping? (since lunch)

______________________________________________________

14. How long have you been waiting for the letters? (for two months)

______________________________________________________

15. How long have you been watching TV? (for a few minutes)

______________________________________________________

16. How long have the children been bothering you? (for three hours)

______________________________________________________

17. How long have the students been playing basketball? (since this morning)

______________________________________________________

18. How long has she been teasing you? (since 1980)

______________________________________________________

19. How long have they been building the house? (since 1980)

______________________________________________________

20. How long has the dog been barking? (all night)

Referensi:

Gumpol, W.Y. 1994. Mastery of Sixteen Tenses. Yogyakarta: Kanisius